câu 1: 7,3%

CaCO₃+2HNO₃\(\rightarrow\)Ca(NO₃)₂+CO₂+H₂O

\(n_{HNO_3}=2n_{CO_2}=2.\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,28mol\)

\(C_{M_{HNO_3}}=\dfrac{0,28}{0,5}=0,56M\)

\(\rightarrow\)0,2x+0,3y=0,28(I)

V_Y=300 ml\(\rightarrow\)\(V_{H_2O}=900ml\)\(\rightarrow\)V_X=1200ml

- Do X được pha chế từ Y nên số mol chất tan HNO₃ là 0,3y mol

-Ta có: \(x=C_{M_X}=\dfrac{0,3y}{1,2}=\dfrac{y}{4}\)\(\rightarrow\)4x=y(II)

- Giải hệ (I, II) ta có: x=0,2, y=0,8

1.
nCO2=0,075mol

do dư KOH nên tạo ra muối trung hòa

nNa2CO3=nCO2=0,075mol

-->Cm=0,3M

2.
nCO2=0,5mol, nNaOH=4,0625mol

-->tạo muối Na2CO3 với số mol =nCO2=0,5mol

-->CmNa2CO3=1M

3.nCO2=0,02mol, nKOH=0,025mol

-->T=1,25 hay 1<T<2

tạo 2 muối

K2CO3:x, KHCO3:y

x+y=0,02
2x+y=0,025

-->x=0,005mol, y=0,015mol

-->mK2CO3=0,69g

mKHCO3=1,5g

\(n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}=V\)mol

\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,2=0,1\) mol

\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)

0,1<--0,1

\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=V=0,1\)lít = 100 ml

\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)

0,1 -----> 0,1 ---------->0,1

\(NaNO_3\rightarrow Na^++NO_3^-\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,2}=0,33M\)

3. a) AgNO3 +HCl --> AgCl +HNO3 (1)

nHCl=0,4(mol)=>mHCl=14,6(g)

nAgNO3=0,3(mol)

lập tỉ lệ :

\(\dfrac{0,4}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{1}\)

=>HCl dư ,AgNO3 hết => bài toán tính theo AgNO3

theo (1) : nHCl(dư)=nHNO3=nAgCl=nAgNO3=0,3(mol)

=>mAgCl=43,05(g)

b)mdd sau pư=14,6+300-43,05=271,55(g)

mHCl(dư)=3,65(g)

mHNO3=18,9(g)

=>C%dd HNO3=6,96(%)

C%dd HCl dư=1,344(%)

2. a) Mg +2HCl --> MgCl2 +H2 (1)

nH2=0,3(mol)

theo (1) : nMg=nH2=0,3(mol)

=>mMg=7,2(g)=>mCu=4,8(g)

=>nCu=0,075(mol)

%mMg=60(%)

%mCu=40(%)

b) theo (1) : nHCl=2nH2=0,6(mol)

=>mdd HCl=100(g)

c) mH2=0,6(mol)

mdd sau pư= 7,2+100-0,6=106,6(g)

theo (1) : nMgCl2=nMg=0,3(mol)

=>mMgCl2=28,5(g)

=>C%dd MgCl2=26,735(%)

a)Na2CO3 +2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO2 +H2O (1)

nCO2=0,02(mol)

theo (1) : nNaCl=nHCl =2nCO2=0,04(mol)

=>C_{Mdd HCl}=0,04/0,02=2(M)

b) theo (1) : nNa2CO3=nCO2=0,02(mol)

=>mNa2CO3=2,12(g)

=>mNaCl (hh bđ) =2,88(g)

mNaCl(sau pư)=0,04.58,5=2,34(g)

=>m_{muối tạo thành sau pư}=5,22(g)

c) %mNa2CO3=42,4(%)

%mNaCl(hh bđ)=57,6(%)

\(a.n_{NaOH}=1.0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KOH}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15+0,1}=0,6\left(M\right)\\ \left[K^+\right]=\left[KOH\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,15}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=0,2+0,6=0,8\left(M\right)\\ b.2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(n_{KOH}+n_{NaOH}\right)=\dfrac{0,15+0,05}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a=C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

\(a.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)